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Decoloration of maxixe by light or heat thus may be due to the charge transfer between Fe 3+ and Fe 2+. Fe 3+ ions produce golden-yellow color, and when both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ are present, the color is a darker blue as in maxixe. The pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe 2+. As of 1999, the world's largest known naturally occurring crystal of any mineral is a crystal of beryl from Malakialina, Madagascar, 18 m (59 ft) long and 3.5 m (11 ft) in diameter, and weighing 380,000 kg (840,000 lb). New England's pegmatites have produced some of the largest beryls found, including one massive crystal from the Bumpus Quarry in Albany, Maine with dimensions 5.5 by 1.2 m (18.0 by 3.9 ft) with a mass of around 18 metric tons it is New Hampshire's state mineral. Common beryl, mined as beryllium ore, is found in small deposits in many countries, but the main producers are Russia, Brazil, and the United States. Beryl is sometimes found in metasomatic contacts of igneous intrusions with gneiss, schist, or carbonate rocks. In granitic pegmatites, beryl is found in association with quartz, potassium feldspar, albite, muscovite, biotite, and tourmaline. Beryl is often associated with tin and tungsten ore bodies formed as high-temperature hydrothermal veins. It is less common in ordinary granite and is only infrequently found in nepheline syenite.
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It found most commonly in granitic pegmatites, but also occurs in mica schists, such as those of the Ural Mountains, and in limestone in Colombia. Consequently, glasses were named Brillen in German ( bril in Dutch and briller in Danish).īeryl is a common mineral, and it is widely distributed in nature. When the first eyeglasses were constructed in 13th-century Italy, the lenses were made of beryl (or of rock crystal) as glass could not be made clear enough. The term was later adopted for the mineral beryl more exclusively. The word beryl – Middle English: beril – is borrowed, via Old French: beryl and Latin: beryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος bḗryllos, which referred to a 'precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone' from Prakrit veruḷiya, veḷuriya 'beryl' (compare the pseudo- Sanskritization वैडूर्य vaiḍūrya 'cat's eye jewel lapis lazuli', traditionally explained as '(brought) from (the city of) Vidūra'), which is ultimately of Dravidian origin, maybe from the name of Belur or Velur, a town in Karnataka, southern India.
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Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities possible colors are green, blue, yellow, pink, and red (the rarest). Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several meters in size, but terminated crystals are relatively rare. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Morganite has weak violet fluorescence.īeryl ( / ˈ b ɛr əl/ BERR-əl) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be 3Al 2Si 6O 18. None (some fracture filling materials used to improve emerald's clarity do fluoresce, but the stone itself does not). Prismatic to tabular crystals radial, columnar granular to compact massive Green, blue, yellow, colorless, pink, and others Three varieties of beryl (left to right): morganite, aquamarine and emerald